Haskell 98 Report: Index

• 1  Goals
• 1.1  Haskell 98
• 1.2  This Report
• 1.3  Evolutionary Highlights
• 1.3.1  Highlights of the August 2001 Revision
• 1.3.2  Highlights of Haskell 98
• 1.3.3  Highlights of Haskell 1.4
• 1.3.4  Highlights of Haskell 1.3
• 1.4  The n+k Pattern Controversy
• 1.5  Haskell Resources
• 1  Introduction
• 1.1  Program Structure
• 1.2  The Haskell Kernel
• 1.3  Values and Types
• 1.4  Namespaces
• 2  Lexical Structure
• 2.1  Notational Conventions
• 2.2  Lexical Program Structure
• 2.3  Comments
• 2.4  Identifiers and Operators
• 2.5  Numeric Literals
• 2.6  Character and String Literals
• 2.7  Layout
• 3  Expressions
• 3.1  Errors
• 3.2  Variables, Constructors, Operators, and Literals
• 3.3  Curried Applications and Lambda Abstractions
• 3.4  Operator Applications
• 3.5  Sections
• 3.6  Conditionals
• 3.7  Lists
• 3.8  Tuples
• 3.9  Unit Expressions and Parenthesized Expressions
• 3.10  Arithmetic Sequences
• 3.11  List Comprehensions
• 3.12  Let Expressions
• 3.13  Case Expressions
• 3.14  Do Expressions
• 3.15  Datatypes with Field Labels
• 3.15.1  Field Selection
• 3.15.2  Construction Using Field Labels
• 3.15.3  Updates Using Field Labels
• 3.16  Expression Type-Signatures
• 3.17  Pattern Matching
• 3.17.1  Patterns
• 3.17.2  Informal Semantics of Pattern Matching
• 3.17.3  Formal Semantics of Pattern Matching
• 4  Declarations and Bindings
• 4.1  Overview of Types and Classes
• 4.1.1  Kinds
• 4.1.2  Syntax of Types
• 4.1.3  Syntax of Class Assertions and Contexts
• 4.1.4  Semantics of Types and Classes
• 4.2  User-Defined Datatypes
• 4.2.1  Algebraic Datatype Declarations
• 4.2.2  Type Synonym Declarations
• 4.2.3  Datatype Renamings
• 4.3  Type Classes and Overloading
• 4.3.1  Class Declarations
• 4.3.2  Instance Declarations
• 4.3.3  Derived Instances
• 4.3.4  Ambiguous Types, and Defaults for Overloaded Numeric Operations
• 4.4  Nested Declarations
• 4.4.1  Type Signatures
• 4.4.2  Fixity Declarations
• 4.4.3  Function and Pattern Bindings
• 4.4.3.1  Function bindings.
• 4.4.3.2  Pattern bindings.
• 4.5  Static Semantics of Function and Pattern Bindings
• 4.5.1  Dependency Analysis
• 4.5.2  Generalization
• 4.5.3  Context Reduction Errors
• 4.5.4  Monomorphism
• 4.5.5  The Monomorphism Restriction
• 4.6  Kind Inference
• 5  Modules
• 5.1  Module Structure
• 5.2  Export Lists
• 5.3  Import Declarations
• 5.3.1  What is imported
• 5.3.2  Qualified import
• 5.3.3  Local aliases
• 5.3.4  Examples
• 5.4  Importing and Exporting Instance Declarations
• 5.5  Name Clashes and Closure
• 5.5.1  Qualified names
• 5.5.2  Name clashes
• 5.5.3  Closure
• 5.6  Standard Prelude
• 5.6.1  The Prelude Module
• 5.6.2  Shadowing Prelude Names
• 5.7  Separate Compilation
• 5.8  Abstract Datatypes
• 6  Predefined Types and Classes
• 6.1  Standard Haskell Types
• 6.1.1  Booleans
• 6.1.2  Characters and Strings
• 6.1.3  Lists
• 6.1.4  Tuples
• 6.1.5  The Unit Datatype
• 6.1.6  Function Types
• 6.1.7  The IO and IOError Types
• 6.1.8  Other Types
• 6.2  Strict Evaluation
• 6.3  Standard Haskell Classes
• 6.3.1  The Eq Class
• 6.3.2  The Ord Class
• 6.3.3  The Read and Show Classes
• 6.3.4  The Enum Class
• 6.3.5  The Functor Class
• 6.3.6  The Monad Class
• 6.3.7  The Bounded Class
• 6.4  Numbers
• 6.4.1  Numeric Literals
• 6.4.2  Arithmetic and Number-Theoretic Operations
• 6.4.3  Exponentiation and Logarithms
• 6.4.4  Magnitude and Sign
• 6.4.5  Trigonometric Functions
• 6.4.6  Coercions and Component Extraction
• 7  Basic Input/Output
• 7.1  Standard I/O Functions
• 7.2  Sequencing I/O Operations
• 7.3  Exception Handling in the I/O Monad
• A  Standard Prelude
• A.1  Prelude PreludeList
• A.2  Prelude PreludeText
• A.3  Prelude PreludeIO
• B  Syntax Reference
• B.1  Notational Conventions
• B.2  Lexical Syntax
• B.3  Layout
• B.4  Literate comments
• B.5  Context-Free Syntax
• C  Literate comments
• D  Specification of Derived Instances
• D.1  Derived instances of Eq and Ord.
• D.2  Derived instances of Enum
• D.3  Derived instances of Bounded.
• D.4  Derived instances of Read and Show.
• D.5  An Example
• E  Compiler Pragmas
• E.1  Inlining
• E.2  Specialization